Taiwan’s various political and societal developments over the last century have caused complex swings in the status and naming of Eastern gouache painting, as well as impacted its development. Taiwan experienced the spread of Japanese painting techniques during the colonial period, and then the private apprenticeship system in art education after the conclusion of World War II. Later, when universities established courses in gouache painting, a new wave of interest in learning and creating this art form arose. This exhibition is based on the Eastern and Western characteristics of gouache painting in terms of materials used and subject matter pursued, and is organized around the chronology of Taiwan’s government-run art exhibitions and related developments in its educational system. In this way, the exhibition strives to present features of the history, contradictions, and establishment of gouache painting in Taiwan. From the exhibition’s mapping of the development of Taiwanese gouache painting with artists and their works, it can be seen that original sources have been reinterpreted based on new external stimuli, and the manner of creation has alternated between expressive possibilities found in Eastern and Western painting.